Detecting Power Grid Synchronization Failure System on Sensing Frequency or Voltage Beyond the Acceptable Range

Detecting Power Grid Synchronization Failure System on Sensing Frequency or Voltage Beyond the Acceptable Range: The detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range is very important in that power generation systems, where different supply sources are connecting parallel together for supplying the uninterruptible power supply to a single loaded bus bar. But for connecting the different supply sources on a single bus bar there are some limitations, such the voltage and frequency both should be same of the connecting power sources. If the both limitations are not fulfilled by the connecting power supply sources then the more current could be pass through any source or output load, resulted damaged or destroy the supply source or connecting load. For this purposes, the supply voltage and supply frequency both are detected continuously, when both are same then synchronized or connected parallel all the supply sources. For the detection of synchronization and failure of synchronization, different companies are made different systems with the help of different controllers, voltage sensors and frequency sensors, but their system is so much expensive and complex. Here we have designed a system that is called a detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range with the help of pic microcontroller 18F452, operational amplifier and 555 timer IC. This system disconnects the output load when synchronization failure is occurred and save the output load. Smart under and over voltage protection system is also a part of this embedded system project.

Block Diagram of Detecting Power Grid Synchronization Failure System on Sensing Frequency or Voltage Beyond the Acceptable Range

Here is the block diagram with all essentials components of the detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range.Figure below is the Block Diagram of the Detecting Power Grid Synchronization Failure System on Sensing Frequency or Voltage Beyond the Acceptable Range

Components List of Detecting Power Grid Synchronization Failure System on Sensing Frequency or Voltage Beyond the Acceptable Range

Transformer: In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range, the transformer is used for step down the ac voltages. It steps down the 220V ac into 12V.

Bridge Rectifier: In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range, the bridge rectifier is used for converting the ac voltages into dc voltages for suppling the voltages to the other electronics components.

Block Diode: In this system, the blocking diode is used for block the reverse polarity current for saving the transformer.

Voltage Regulator: In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range, the voltage regulator is used for regulating the dc voltages. Here LM 7805 have been used for regulating the 12V dc into 5V dc.

LCD Display: In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range, the LCD display is used for displaying the supply frequency and voltages of different sources. It is interfaced with microcontroller and powered up with 5V dc.

Voltage Detector:In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range, the voltage detector is used for detecting the voltage of voltage source.

Frequency Detector: In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range, the frequency detector is used for detecting the frequency of supply source and operational amplifier is used for this purposes.

Microcontroller PIC 18F452: In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range, the microcontroller is used for the intelligent control of this system. It is powered up with 5V dc and is interfaced with LCD display and voltage, frequency detectors.

Alternate Source: In this system, the 555-timer integrated circuit IC is used as an alternate source. The frequency is changed by using this IC.

Relay Driver: In this system, the driver IC is used for operating the load relay and is interfaced with microcontroller.

Relay: In this system, the load relay is used for switch on or off the output load and it consists of normally open and close contacts.

Load: In this system, the lamp is used as an output load.

Circuit diagram

Working Principle of Detecting Power Grid Synchronization Failure System on Sensing Frequency or Voltage Beyond the Acceptable Range

The detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range is work on the principle of continuously sensing of voltage and frequency of supply sources. In this the system, the microcontroller senses the supply voltage and frequency with help of operational amplifier, then these voltages and frequency are matched with the alternate supply voltages and frequency. If the both are matched, then the microcontroller gives the logic high signal to relay driver IC then, this relay driver IC switch on the load relay, on which the lamp is directly connected. Similarly, if the both are not matched then the microcontroller turn off the output load through relay driver IC. Here for the demonstration purposes, we can easily change the alternate source frequency and voltages and check the working of this system by turn on or off the lamp. This system is directly connected to wapda power supply and LDC display have been used here for seeing the supply voltages and frequency of both sources.

purchase code and simulation

 

Applications and Advantages of the Detecting Power Grid Synchronization Failure System on Sensing Frequency or Voltage Beyond the Acceptable Range

1. This detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range could be used in that power houses where different supply sources are connected parallel together to fulfill the energy demand.
2. This system could be used in home automation system, where the consumer has different energy sources such as wapda and solar or wind energy.
3. By using this system, the consumer load could be automatically shifted to another source of energy.
4. This system is more compact and reliable as compared to the manual system.
5. This system is less expensive as compared to the other systems.