KEYPAD INTERFACING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER : In this 8051 microcontroller tutorial you will learn how to interface 8051 microcontroller with keypad. In this article, I will guide you step by step programming part as well as structure of keypad. you can interface any size keypad with 8051 microcontroller. Before starting this article, you should know how to write your first program in keil and how to used input output ports of 8051 microcontroller. Because keypad is used as a input with 8051 microcontroller. Matrix Keypads are mostly used in calculators, mobile phones, telephones, ATM etc. It is used when a number of input switches are required. In this article we will study how to interface keypad with 8051 microcontroller. An experiment will show the keypad interfacing. User will give input through keypad and then that input will be displayed on LCD.
KEYPAD STRUCTURE:
In a keypad, push button switches are arranged in rows and columns. For a 4×4 keypad 16 switches are used and to connect to microcontroller we need 16 inputs pins. But the arrangement is changed by connecting switches in a special way. Now we need only 8 pins of microcontroller to connect keypad to it. 
The status of each key/switch is determined by Scanning the rows or columns. The column pins (Col 1–Col4) are connected to the microcontroller as the inputs pinsand the rows pins (Row 1–Row 4) are connected to the output pins of the microcontroller. Normally, all the column pins are pulled high by internal or external pull up resistors. Now we can read the status of each switch through scanning.
READING DATA:
Scanning is done in a different way. Columns pins are used as input pins, and rows pins are used as output. If a low logic is given to all the Rows and high logic is given to each Column.
For finding Column number:
- When a switch/key is pressed, the corresponding row and column will get short.
- Output of the corresponding column goes to go low.
- Since we have made all the rows zero so this gives the column number of the pressed key.
For Finding Row number:
- After the detection of column number, the controller set’s all the rows to high.
- Each row is one by one set to zero by the microcontroller and the earlier detected column is checked and obviously it becomes zero.
- The row due to which the column gets zero is the row number of the pressed key.
keypad interfacing 8051 microcontroller8
For the interfacing of keypad with the microcontroller, it is good to connect LCD also, so that we can observe specific changes if the keypad is pressed. Keypad 4×3 (having 4 rows and 3 columns) is connected to Port 3 of 8051 microcontroller to scan input. LCD is connected to Port 2 of the microcontroller for displaying output. Port1 pin1and pin2 of microcontroller is connected to RS and EN pins of LCD respectively. LED is connected to port 1 pin 3.
PROGRAMMING STEPS of keypad interfacing 8051 microcontroller
- Firstly circuit will be initailized by declaring ports as inputs or outputs. P1, P2 are used as output ports. P3 lower bits are used as outputs while upper bits as inputs.
- Then LCD is initialized by specific commands.
- All columns are given high logic and all rows are given low logic.
col1=1;
col2=1;
col3=1;
row1=row2=row3=row4=0;
- Externally, when any keypad button is pressed, specific column output goes low. Check each column for it.
if(col1==0) check_col1();
else if(col2==0) check_col2();
else if(col3==0) check_col3();
- For that specific column, check each row one by one. Give low logic to single row and high logic to other rows, repeat this process for other rows and row is found.
For Example:
- In pressing of 1, Col 1 goes low.
- For Col 1 check the row1. (give low logic to row1 and high to others)
row1=row2=row3=row4=1;
row1=0;
if(col1==0){writecmd(0x01); led = 1; writedata(‘1’); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
PROTEUS SIMULATION keypad interfacing 8051 microcontroller
WORKING of keypad interfacing 8051 microcontroller
In the start, LCD will display “WELCOME” and then display “Enter No.”. In above screenshot, I pressed 2. It is then written on LCD. When button is pressed, Led will get on and then then off after some delay. The number will appear on the screen as long as other number is not pressed. This display arrangement can be changed by arranging the code in different way.
video simulation of keypad interfacing with 8051 microcontroller
CODE of keypad interfacing 8051 microcontroller
#include<reg51.h>
voidlcd_init(void);
voidwritecmd(int);
voidwritedata(char);
void delay(int);
void check_col1();
void check_col2();
void check_col3();
sbit RS = P1^0;
sbit E = P1^1;
sbit led = P1^2;
sbit row1=P3^0;
sbit row2=P3^1;
sbit row3=P3^2;
sbit row4=P3^3;
sbit col1=P3^4;
sbit col2=P3^5;
sbit col3=P3^6;
inti=0;
void main()
{
P0 = 0x00; //not used
P1 = 0x00; //output port for setting RS and EN
P2 = 0x00; //used as data output port for LCD
P3 = 0xf0; //lower bits as outputs, upper bits as inputs
lcd_init();
writedata('W');
delay(5000000);
writedata('e');
delay(5000000);
writedata('l');
delay(5000000);
writedata('c');
delay(5000000);
writedata('o');
delay(5000000);
writedata('m');
delay(5000000);
writedata('e');
delay(5000000);
writecmd(0x01); //clear display
writedata('E');
writedata('N');
writedata('T');
writedata('E');
writedata('R');
writedata(' ');
writedata('N');
writedata('o');
writedata('.');
delay(5000000);
do
{
col1=1;
col2=1;
col3=1;
row1=row2=row3=row4=0;
if(col1==0) check_col1();
else if(col2==0) check_col2();
else if(col3==0) check_col3();
}while(1);
}
voidlcd_init(void)
{
writecmd(0x38); //for 8 bit mode
writecmd(0x0C); //display on, cursor off
writecmd(0x01); //clear display
writecmd(0x80); //force cursor to beginning of 1st line
}
void writedata(char t) //data function
{
RS = 1;
P2 = t; //Data transfer
E = 1;
delay(150);
E = 0;
delay(150);
}
voidwritecmd(int z) //command function
{
RS = 0;
P2 = z; //Data transfer
E = 1;
delay(150);
E = 0;
delay(150);
}
void delay(int a) //Delay function
{
inti;
for(i=0;i<a;i++);
}
void check_col1() //Function for checking column one
{
row1=row2=row3=row4=1;
row1=0;
if(col1==0){writecmd(0x01); led = 1; writedata('1'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row1=1;
row2=0;
if(col1==0){writecmd(0x01); led = 1; writedata('4'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row2=1;
row3=0;
if(col1==0){writecmd(0x01); led = 1; writedata('7'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row3=1;
row4=0;
if(col1==0){writecmd(0x01);led = 1; writedata('*'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row4=1;
}
void check_col2() //Function for checking column two
{
row1=row2=row3=row4=1;
row1=0;
if(col2==0){writecmd(0x01);led = 1; writedata('2'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row1=1;
row2=0;
if(col2==0){writecmd(0x01);led = 1; writedata('5'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row2=1;
row3=0;
if(col2==0){writecmd(0x01);led = 1; writedata('8'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row3=1;
row4=0;
if(col2==0){writecmd(0x01);led = 1; writedata('0'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row4=1;
}
void check_col3() //Function for checking column three
{
row1=row2=row3=row4=1;
row1=0;
if(col3==0){writecmd(0x01); led = 1; writedata('3'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row1=1;
row2=0;
if(col3==0){writecmd(0x01); led = 1; writedata('6'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row2=1;
row3=0;
if(col3==0){writecmd(0x01); led = 1; writedata('9'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row3=1;
row4=0;
if(col3==0){writecmd(0x01); led = 1; writedata('#'); delay(5000000); led = 0;}
row4=1;
}
I’m getting an error in Proteus simulation like no model specified for RV1
http://microcontrollerslab.com/keypad-interfacing-8051-microcontroller/
can you share the square of a number in this program?