The STM32F4 Discovery board is small devices based on STMF407 ARM microcontroller, which is a high-performance microcontroller. This board allows users to develop and design applications. It has multiple modules within itself which allows the user to communicate and design the interface of different kinds without relying on any third device. The board has all … Read more
Raspberry Pi is a small-sized computer used Linux operating system. It is mini size computer used mostly to run larger and smart programs to achieve output quickly. Raspberry Pi 4 B+ (RP4) is the lasted model developed by the company, which has all the required latest wired and wireless communications systems used in most of … Read more
LM311 is a dedicatedly designed high speed differential comparator responsible for comparing voltages. The operating supply voltage can range from -15 to +15V for OP-AMPs. This voltage is 5V if LM311 is to be used for logical operations. The compatibility of LM311 output with TTL and MOS circuits is quite good. LM311 can be used … Read more
74LS166 is an 8-bit shift register digital IC. In cased of 8-bit parallel communication device needs to send the data to the serial receiving device then an 8-bit shift register will be used. There is an IC 74LS166, which has eight parallel data input, one serial input, and one serial output. The IC is made … Read more
MOC3041 is an optocoupler but unlike other optoisolators, it has a special feature of zero-crossing based switching. It is based on zero-crossing. MOC304X series also used to operate the external TRIACS, SSR, and MOSFETS. MOC3041 is mostly used to control AC load switching by automatically detecting the zero cross but it has internal TRIAC which … Read more
The LM3916 is a monolithic integrated circuit used as a dot/bar display driver. It specializes in sensing various levels of analog voltages to operate ten LEDs, LCDs or vacuum fluorescent displays. The current flowing through these LEDs is so programmable and regulated that it bypasses the use of current limiting resistors in series with LEDs. … Read more
MOC3021 is a non-zero crossing based optoisolator consists of gallium arsenide infrared emitting diodes, optically coupled to a silicon-based triac. Optocoupler has multiple types and every type has almost the same operating functionality, but sometimes its internal structure makes it different from another optocoupler. There is also a TRIAC based optocoupler known as MOC3021. It … Read more
PC817 is an optoisolator consists of an infrared diode and phototransistor. In electric circuits, we use mostly filters to remove noise. The circuit based on the capacitor and resistor always removes the noise from the incoming signal but the value capacitor and resistor always depend on the incoming signal. This circuit is only applicable where … Read more
74LS90 is a binary decade counter without an automatic reset feature. There multiple kinds of counters which we can use in devices for binary or decimal counting. We discussed a counter 74LS93 IC, which is based on a T-type flip flop. In case of attaching the toggle, flip flops in series we can generate 2n … Read more
74LS138 is a complex TTL based logical device used to convert 3-bit binary data to 8-bits. The actual purpose of this chip is designed for demultiplexing or in machine language we can say as a decoding device. The device takes 3 input data and converts it to 8-bit data. This chip is high used in … Read more