4N25 belongs to one of the most famous families of optocouplers. Other optocouplers that have almost similar features are 4N27, 4N27 and4N28. We will discuss all these optoisolators in a single article because they have the same function and pin diagram. All these optocouplers consist of a photodiode and a phototransistor. Gallium arsenide material is … Read more
74LS00 is one of the famous and most basic gates from a family of logic gates. There are three kinds of gates, AND, OR and NOT. All three gates come up with different internal circuit and they have different uses in every device. By combining these three circuits we can make some other gates which … Read more
74LS138 is a complex TTL based logical device used to convert 3-bit binary data to 8-bits. The actual purpose of this chip is designed for demultiplexing or in machine language we can say as a decoding device. The device takes 3 input data and converts it to 8-bit data. This chip is high used in … Read more
CD4011 is a 2 input NAND gate IC. It is a quadrable NAND gate integrated circuit that means it consists of 4 NAND gates in a single unit. It is based on CMOS logic. All inputs and outputs are designed according to the CMOS logic voltage level. It is used to execute NAND logic or … Read more
The DAC0832 is a simple and advance TTL device used to convert the 8-bit digital data to an analog signal. It is designed to directly interface with 8080, 8048, 8085, Z80, microcontroller and microprocessor. The IC comes up with special circuitry of resistors which helps to convert the digital signal stepwise to an analog signal. … Read more
CD4008 4-bit full adder integrated circuit used for binary addition. Binary addition is the base of every function performed in most of the smart machines. It is easy to make a two-bit adder using two simple logic gates. A two-bit adder circuit can be made just by using XOR and AND gate. It comes up … Read more
Before starting with 74LS73 DUAL JK FLIP-FLOP, let’s first understand that what is it? Flip-Flops and latches are those small devices used to store a single bit. A single flip-flop represents two-state, in which data is stored is represented by 1 and the other is represented by 0. An SR latch has two problems. In … Read more
There are multiple devices for motion, to do the rotation motion we also have different options. These are DC Motor, Servo Motor, and Stepper Motor. When it comes to high load and rotation by stepwise then we can use the stepper motor. Stepper motor also has multiple types. When we need to use the motor … Read more
RS232 standard was used to transfer data between two devices as serial communication. This standard was introduced by TIA/EIA, which was also known as TIA/EIA 32. RS232 has some limitations. It was unable to communicate with TTL/CMOS. To solve this issue and IC named “MAX232” was introduced by “Maximum Integrated Product” in 1987. Recommended Components … Read more
This tutorial is an introduction to ULN2003. We will see the features, applications, pinout, and details of all pins and one example at the end of this guide on ULN2003. It is also used as a relay driver. Recommended Components The following parts are used in this article, along with a generic electronics kit that … Read more