MOC3041 is an optocoupler but unlike other optoisolators, it has a special feature of zero-crossing based switching. It is based on zero-crossing. MOC304X series also used to operate the external TRIACS, SSR, and MOSFETS. MOC3041 is mostly used to control AC load switching by automatically detecting the zero cross but it has internal TRIAC which … Read more
The LM3916 is a monolithic integrated circuit used as a dot/bar display driver. It specializes in sensing various levels of analog voltages to operate ten LEDs, LCDs or vacuum fluorescent displays. The current flowing through these LEDs is so programmable and regulated that it bypasses the use of current limiting resistors in series with LEDs. … Read more
MOC3021 is a non-zero crossing based optoisolator consists of gallium arsenide infrared emitting diodes, optically coupled to a silicon-based triac. Optocoupler has multiple types and every type has almost the same operating functionality, but sometimes its internal structure makes it different from another optocoupler. There is also a TRIAC based optocoupler known as MOC3021. It … Read more
PC817 is an optoisolator consists of an infrared diode and phototransistor. In electric circuits, we use mostly filters to remove noise. The circuit based on the capacitor and resistor always removes the noise from the incoming signal but the value capacitor and resistor always depend on the incoming signal. This circuit is only applicable where … Read more
74LS90 is a binary decade counter without an automatic reset feature. There multiple kinds of counters which we can use in devices for binary or decimal counting. We discussed a counter 74LS93 IC, which is based on a T-type flip flop. In case of attaching the toggle, flip flops in series we can generate 2n … Read more
74LS138 is a complex TTL based logical device used to convert 3-bit binary data to 8-bits. The actual purpose of this chip is designed for demultiplexing or in machine language we can say as a decoding device. The device takes 3 input data and converts it to 8-bit data. This chip is high used in … Read more
The DAC0832 is a simple and advance TTL device used to convert the 8-bit digital data to an analog signal. It is designed to directly interface with 8080, 8048, 8085, Z80, microcontroller and microprocessor. The IC comes up with special circuitry of resistors which helps to convert the digital signal stepwise to an analog signal. … Read more
CD4008 4-bit full adder integrated circuit used for binary addition. Binary addition is the base of every function performed in most of the smart machines. It is easy to make a two-bit adder using two simple logic gates. A two-bit adder circuit can be made just by using XOR and AND gate. It comes up … Read more
RS232 standard was used to transfer data between two devices as serial communication. This standard was introduced by TIA/EIA, which was also known as TIA/EIA 32. RS232 has some limitations. It was unable to communicate with TTL/CMOS. To solve this issue and IC named “MAX232” was introduced by “Maximum Integrated Product” in 1987. Recommended Components … Read more
This tutorial is an introduction to ULN2003. We will see the features, applications, pinout, and details of all pins and one example at the end of this guide on ULN2003. It is also used as a relay driver. Recommended Components The following parts are used in this article, along with a generic electronics kit that … Read more