1N747 Zener Diode – Explained with Example Circuits

1N747 Zener Diode pinout

In this tutorial, we will learn to use 1N747 Zener Diode with example circuits. It offers a Zener voltage (Vz ) of 3.6V with  ±5% tolerance and a speedy reverse recovery time. Zener diodes are used for voltage regulation applications. Recommended Components The following parts are used in this article, along with a generic electronics … Read more

Use of 1N4007 Diode – Explained with Example Circuits

1N4007 Diode forward or reverse biasing

A diode is a basic PN junction semiconductor device well-known in the microelectronics world. Because it is constructed with P and N-type materials. It acts as a one-way switch that allows the current to flow in one direction and halts in the other direction. 1N4007 belongs to the silicon family of1N400X series. It is a … Read more

2N3819 N-Channel JFET – Example Circuits

2N3819 pinout diagram

2N3819 is a general-purpose N-channel Junction Field Effect Transistor. It operates in depletion-mode and requires reverse biasing to turn off. It is designed for medium to high range frequencies. Furthermore, it has a high gain for wideband frequencies and has an importance in VHF/UHF based systems. It is a small-signal device capable of fast switching, … Read more

2N5089 NPN Amplifier Transistor

2N5089 pinout diagram

2N5089 is an NPN amplifier bipolar junction transistor. It operates as a switch in saturation mode and as an amplifier in the active region. The silicon-based transistor is designed mainly for audio signal amplification to amplify the weak base signal and produce a strong output signal at the collector terminal in low power systems. This … Read more

WS2812B Addressable RGB LED Interfacing with Arduino

WS2812B Addressable RGB LED interfacing with Arduino

WS2812B is the most popular addressable RGB LED. Whether used for decorations or hobby projects, they are used for their easiness, bright colors, low required voltage. Most importantly, it contains an internal integrated driver that helps to control the color and brightness of RGB LED with a programmable feature. This programmable feature makes it smart … Read more

2N5457 General Purpose N-Channel JFET

2N5457 Pinout diagram

2N5457 is a general-purpose N-channel Junction Field Effect Transistor with Drain and Source interchangeable feature. It operates in depletion-mode and requires reverse biasing to turn off. Because depletion types MOSFETs act like a normally closed switch. It has high (AC and DC) input impedance, contrary to other MOSFETs.  It is a CMOS technology device used … Read more

2SC828 NPN Amplifier Transistor

2SC828 pinout diagram

2SC828 is an NPN type silicon epitaxial planar transistor. It is used for switching and signal amplification in audio AF based applications. This transistor is designed for low power applications. Because peak and normal collector dc current is 100mA and 50mA respectively.  Recommended Components The following parts are used in this article, along with a … Read more

EL357 Optocoupler – Transistor Output

EL357 optocoupler pinout

In this tutorial, we will learn to use EL357 optocoupler IC Compact 4 Pin SOP IC. It is a phototransistor and LED based photocoupler which provides high voltage isolation between input and output sources. The isolation voltage can be upto 3750 volts RMS value.  Recommended Components The following parts are used in this article, along … Read more

74LS323 8-Bit Universal Shift Register IC

74LS323 shift register ic pinout diagram

74LS323 is an 8-bit universal shift-storage register having 3-state outputs with the feature of Synchronous Reset. Pin count has been minimized in it using parallel load inputs and flip flops outputs. In order to provide cascading without any trouble, separate inputs and outputs are available for flip-flops. Recommended Components The following parts are used in … Read more

74LS83 4-Bit Full Adder

74LS83 pinout diagram

In this tutorial, we will talk about 74LS83 4-bit full adder IC. Firstly, we will see an introduction of half and full adder. After that, we will learn to implement 4-bit full adder functionality using 74LS83. Recommended Components The following parts are used in this article, along with a generic electronics kit that is handy … Read more