Water Level Sensor interfacing with Arduino

In this tutorial, you will learn about water level sensors, interface them with Arduino and monitor specific water levels using this assembly. A water level sensor is used to measure water level in a water tank or in any other equipment. In our daily life, we need to detect the level of water like for example in water tank at the top of roof which is not directly accessible, and in laboratories where a specific level of any liquid is required to be monitored. Therefore in such applications, water level sensor is very useful.

The water level sensor gives output in the form of voltage. So before using water level sensor, you should know, how to measure analog voltage using Arduino and if you are new to Arduino programming I recommend you to check this Arduino programming in c tutorial first. 

Introducing Water Level Sensor

The water level sensor is an easy-to-use and cost-effective sensor that measures water volume to detect the water level. This is achieved by a series of parallel copper wires exposed traces found on the sensor. The traces are of two kinds, sense trace and power trace which alternate one after the other.

Moreover, there is also a Power LED that turns ON whenever the sensor is powered on.

The table below gives some key specifications of the water level sensor commonly available in the markets.

Operating Voltage	3-5V DC
Operating Current	<20mA
Detection Area	40mm x 16mm
Sensor Type	Analog

Water Level Sensor Pinout

As you may see in the diagram of the water level sensor above, it consists of 3 output terminals.

• + stands for VCC: This pin provides power to sensor. Power it with (3.3-5V).
• – stands for GND: This pin is connected with the ground.
• S stands for signal: This is the analog output pin.

How Water Level Sensor Works?

As we mentioned before, the water level sensor is equipped with a series of parallel conductors traces. These traces act as a variable resistor whose resistance changes according to the water level. In other words, it works like a potentiometer.

As these traces conduct electricity, hence in the presence of water they are short-circuited. This leads to lower resistance of the sensor. Hence, it can be said that the resistance of the copper traces decreases as the water level rises. Therefore, the current increases which leads to an increase in voltage.

The water level sensor’s signal pin gives us the analog output voltage. This will help us to detect the water level as greater output voltage means a greater liquid level.

Interfacing Water Level Sensor with Arduino

After learning about the water level sensor let us interface it with Arduino and build a water level detector. You will require the following components.

Hardware Required 

• Arduino UNO
• Water level sensor
• Connecting wires

Connecting the water level sensor is very simple. Follow the connections as given below:

Sensor S pin with Arduino Analog pin A0

Sensor + pin with Arduino 5V

Sensor – pin with Arduino GND

Arduino Sketch Water Level Detector

Open your Arduino IDE and go to File > New to open a new file. Copy the code given below in that file.

This sketch shows how the analog output of the sensor changes as it is submerged in varying water levels.

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
  int val = analogRead(A0); // read input value
  Serial.print("Pin Value   ");
  Serial.println(val);
  delay(2000);
}

How Code Works?

Inside the setup() function we open the serial communication at a baud rate of 9600.

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

We use analogRead() function to read the analog output of pin A0. The reading will get stored in the int variable ‘val.’

int val = analogRead(A0); 

We will display this analog output in the serial monitor after every 2 seconds.

  Serial.print("Pin Value   ");
  Serial.println(val);
  delay(2000);

Demonstration

To see the demonstration of the above code, upload the code to Arduino. But, before uploading code, make sure to select the Arduino board from Tools > Board and also select the correct COM port to which the Arduino board is connected from Tools > Port.

Once the code is uploaded to Arduino, open your serial monitor and set its baud rate to 9600. Start submerging the water level sensor in water. The more and more you dip the sensor in water the value on serial monitor keeps on increasing.

Watch the video demonstration below:

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